You are all forgetting a crucial ingredient: LOVE!!!
Lots and lots of love from parents is IMHO the key element.
You can discipline and punish a child all you want but if it doesn't come with big bundles of tlc the child will be alienated at a young age.
Wonder what the crime rates are like in places where mothers keep their kids close, give them a kiss goodnight every night, and allow them to sleep with the parents until a later age? One key in traditional societies is keeping children close and family bonds strong. They may be poor but crime rate tends to be low in traditional societies. When I was growing up we rarely if ever locked our doors at night. The diversion of the heroin trade changed that and then came Osama and gang. Lebanon has lots of problems but leave your wallet in a public place and you will be able to return a couple of hours later to retrieve it with money untouched!
I would still be willing to bet that crime rates are lower in less industrialized societies. Have you asked yourself why? If its all about education and morals and discipline and punishment and "great civilization" it should be the reverse, should it not?
The way I see it is the no. 1 problem in industrialized countries is that parents force their babies to sleep by themselves latest at 3 months!
The other problem is that parents have to head back to work very soon and are forced to leave their children with strangers all day who simply cannot compensate for the love that parents give. (Yes, Europe has made great strides on this front bec., I suspect, of the recognition that not giving parents enough time with their young babies was damaging the growth of the baby into a healthy well-balanced child).
This is cruel and not in keeping with the love and warmth that we humans naturally need to grow and develop in a healthy balanced manner.
I mean: why do we adults crave someone to sleep with and cuddle up to at nights (or days depending upon when you sleep)? Why should this be different for kids? Somehow in the western countries the thinking is that one is creating a more independent child the earlier one succeeds in shoving the baby away from the parent!
My 2 cents!